/* =========================================
   IXL KOREA WEBSITE
   Main Style Sheet
   ========================================= */

/* ---------- BASIC RESET ---------- */

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  color: #17202a;
  background: #ffffff;
}
/* =========================================
   A/S CONTROL PANEL — SINGLE SOURCE OF TRUTH
   Change shared geometry/header/popup values here first.
   ========================================= */
:root {
  /* Shared page frame */
  --page-content-max: 1400px;
  --page-side-padding: 7%;
  --page-top-padding: 60px;
  --page-anchor-offset: 80px;

  /* Desktop header */
  --header-height: 80px;
  --header-side-padding: 6.5%;
  --header-nav-gap: 28px;
  --header-main-link-padding-y: 30px;

  /* About popup — desktop */
  --about-popup-width: 230px;
  --about-popup-shell-padding-y: 8px;
  --about-popup-item-padding-y: 7px;
  --about-popup-item-padding-x: 18px;
  --about-popup-item-line-height: 1.35;

  /* Innovation 5.0 band / standalone article */
  --innovation5-section-padding-y: 100px;
  --article-hero-top-padding: 60px;
  --article-hero-bottom-padding: 70px;
  --article-body-top-padding: 70px;
  --article-body-bottom-padding: 100px;

  /* Mobile page/header */
  --mobile-page-top-padding: 45px;
  --mobile-logo-row-height: 52px;
  --mobile-nav-row-height: 42px;
  --mobile-header-height: calc(var(--mobile-logo-row-height) + var(--mobile-nav-row-height));
  --mobile-nav-gap: 22px;
  --mobile-logo-width: 150px;
  --small-mobile-logo-width: 142px;
  --small-mobile-nav-gap: 20px;

  /* About popup — mobile */
  --mobile-about-popup-width: 210px;
  --mobile-about-popup-shell-padding-y: 6px;
  --mobile-about-popup-item-padding-y: 7px;
  --mobile-about-popup-item-padding-x: 16px;
  --mobile-innovation5-section-padding-y: 70px;
  --mobile-article-hero-top-padding: 45px;
  --mobile-article-hero-bottom-padding: 55px;
  --mobile-article-body-top-padding: 55px;
  --mobile-article-body-bottom-padding: 75px;
}


/* ---------- HEADER ---------- */

.header {
  height: var(--header-height);
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 0 var(--header-side-padding);
  background: #ffffff;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #eeeeee;
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 1000;
}

.logo {
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
  color: #071b33;
}

.header nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--header-nav-gap);
}

/* Main-menu links only. Popup links are intentionally excluded. */
.header nav > a,
.header .nav-dropdown > .nav-dropdown-trigger {
  position: relative;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #17202a;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: var(--header-main-link-padding-y) 0;
}

.header nav > a:hover,
.header .nav-dropdown > .nav-dropdown-trigger:hover {
  color: #087ee6;
}

/* ---------- HERO ---------- */

.hero {
  min-height: 700px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 45% 55%;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 60px var(--page-side-padding);
  background: #061a31;
  color: #ffffff;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.hero-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  max-width: 720px;
  padding-right: 30px;
}

.hero .eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 24px;
  color: #19a7ff;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 3px;
}

.hero h1 {
  margin: 0 0 30px;
  font-size: clamp(52px, 4.3vw, 76px);
  line-height: 1.05;
  font-weight: 750;
  letter-spacing: -2px;
  color: #ffffff;
}

.hero-text {
  margin: 0 0 28px;
  color: #29a8ff;
  font-size: 27px;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.description {
  max-width: 650px;
  margin: 0;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.88);
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

/* ---------- HERO BUTTONS ---------- */

.hero-buttons {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 16px;
    margin-top: 32px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.button {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 17px 25px;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: 5px;
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 700;
  transition: 0.2s ease;
}

.hero .primary {
  background: #ffffff;
  color: #071b33;
  border: 1px solid #ffffff;
}

.hero .primary:hover {
  background: #eaf4ff;
  border-color: #eaf4ff;
}

.hero .secondary {
  background: transparent;
  color: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
}

.hero .secondary:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
}

/* ---------- HERO RIGHT IMAGE ---------- */

.hero-visual {
  width: 100%;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  align-items: center;
}

.hero-visual img {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 900px;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
}

/* ---------- ABOUT ---------- */

.about-section {
  padding: 110px 7%;
  background: #ffffff;
}

.about-wrapper {
  max-width: 1500px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.about-heading {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin-bottom: 65px;
}

.about-heading .eyebrow {
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  color: #087ee6;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 3px;
}

.about-heading h2 {
  margin: 0 0 26px;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 48px;
  line-height: 1.12;
}

.about-lead {
  max-width: 850px;
  margin: 0;
  color: #56616c;
  font-size: 21px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}


/* ABOUT MAIN GRID */

.about-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 40% 60%;
  gap: 60px;
  align-items: start;
}

.about-story {
  padding-right: 25px;
}

.about-story h3 {
  margin: 0 0 24px;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 30px;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.about-story p {
  margin: 0 0 20px;
  color: #56616c;
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.75;
}


/* ABOUT PILLARS */

.about-pillars {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: 22px;
}

.about-pillar {
  min-height: 210px;
  padding: 30px;
  background: #f7f9fc;
  border: 1px solid #e2e8ef;
  border-radius: 9px;
}

.about-pillar span {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 22px;
  color: #1597e5;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.about-pillar h4 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 21px;
}

.about-pillar p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #56616c;
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}


/* ABOUT BOTTOM MESSAGE */

.about-message {
  margin-top: 60px;
  padding: 32px 40px;
  background: #071b33;
  color: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 10px;

  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 30px;
}

.about-message strong {
  color: #29a8ff;
  font-size: 20px;
}

.about-message span {
  font-size: 16px;
}

/* ---------- INNOVATION & GROWTH ---------- */

.growth-section {
  padding: 110px 7%;
  background: #f5f8fc;
}

.growth-wrapper {
  max-width: 1500px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.growth-heading {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin-bottom: 65px;
}

.growth-heading .eyebrow {
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  color: #087ee6;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 3px;
}

.growth-heading h2 {
  margin: 0 0 25px;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 48px;
  line-height: 1.15;
}

.growth-lead {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 0;
  color: #56616c;
  font-size: 19px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}


/* GROWTH PROCESS */

.growth-grid {
  display: grid;

  grid-template-columns:
    1fr auto
    1fr auto
    1fr auto
    1fr auto
    1fr;

  align-items: stretch;

  gap: 12px;
}

.growth-card {
  min-height: 280px;
  padding: 28px;
}

.growth-card {
  min-height: 270px;
  padding: 32px;

  background: #ffffff;

  border: 1px solid #dfe6ee;
  border-radius: 9px;

  box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(7, 27, 51, 0.04);
}

.growth-number {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 30px;

  color: #1597e5;

  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.growth-card h3 {
  margin: 0 0 18px;

  color: #071b33;

  font-size: 22px;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.growth-card p {
  margin: 0;

  color: #56616c;

  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.growth-arrow {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;

  color: #1597e5;

  font-size: 24px;
}

/* GROWTH STRATEGY SUMMARY */

.growth-strategy-summary {
  max-width: 900px;

  margin: 70px auto 30px;

  text-align: center;
}

.growth-strategy-summary span {
  display: block;

  margin-bottom: 12px;

  color: #1597e5;

  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 800;

  letter-spacing: 2px;
}

.growth-strategy-summary h3 {
  margin: 0 0 15px;

  color: #071b33;

  font-size: 30px;
}

.growth-strategy-summary p {
  max-width: 750px;

  margin: 0 auto;

  color: #56616c;

  font-size: 17px;

  line-height: 1.7;
}

/* BOTTOM MESSAGE */

.growth-message {
  margin-top: 55px;
  padding: 30px 45px;

  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 45px;

  background: #071b33;

  color: #ffffff;

  border-radius: 10px;
}

.growth-message div {
  text-align: center;
}

.growth-message strong {
  display: block;

  margin-bottom: 7px;

  color: #29a8ff;

  font-size: 15px;
}

.growth-message div span {
  font-size: 14px;
}

.growth-message-arrow {
  color: #29a8ff;
  font-size: 21px;
}

/* ---------- GENERAL SECTION ---------- */

.section {
  padding: 100px 8%;
}

.section-heading {
  max-width: 820px;
  margin-bottom: 60px;
}

.section-heading .eyebrow {
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  color: #087ee6;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 3px;
}

.section-heading h2 {
  margin: 10px 0 20px;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 42px;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.section-heading p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #555555;
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

/* ---------- SOLUTIONS ---------- */

.solutions-section {
  background: #ffffff;
}

.cards {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  gap: 24px;
}

.card {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 380px;
  padding: 34px 34px 70px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #e6ebf0;
  border-radius: 10px;
  text-decoration: none;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 28px rgba(7, 27, 51, 0.05);
  transition:
    transform 0.25s ease,
    box-shadow 0.25s ease,
    border-color 0.25s ease;
}

.card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-7px);
  border-color: #1597e5;
  box-shadow: 0 18px 40px rgba(7, 27, 51, 0.12);
}

.card-icon {
  width: 58px;
  height: 58px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #071b33;
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: 22px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.number {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  color: #1597e5;
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.card h3 {
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 24px;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.card p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #555f69;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.learn-more {
  position: absolute;
  left: 34px;
  bottom: 30px;
  color: #087ee6;
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 700;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.card:hover .learn-more {
  transform: translateX(4px);
}

/* ---------- SOLUTIONS LOGIC ---------- */

.solutions-heading {
  max-width: 980px;
}

.solutions-logic {
  margin-top: 45px;
  padding: 28px 34px;

  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 22px;

  background: #071b33;
  border-radius: 10px;

  color: #ffffff;
}

.solutions-logic div {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 6px;

  text-align: center;
}

.solutions-logic strong {
  color: #29a8ff;
  font-size: 14px;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
}

.solutions-logic span {
  font-size: 13px;
}

.solutions-arrow {
  color: #29a8ff;
  font-size: 20px !important;
}

/* ---------- INNOVATION 5.0 ---------- */

.innovation5 {
  padding: var(--innovation5-section-padding-y) var(--page-side-padding);
  background: #071b33;
  color: #ffffff;
  text-align: center;
}

.innovation5 .eyebrow {
  color: #29a8ff;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 3px;
}

.innovation5 h2 {
  margin: 15px 0 50px;
  font-size: 42px;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.process {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 20px;
  font-size: 18px;
}

.process span {
  padding: 18px 22px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.35);
  border-radius: 5px;
}

.process b {
  color: #29a8ff;
  font-size: 22px;
}

/* ---------- AKAIO ---------- */

.akaio-section {
  padding: 110px 7%;
  background: #f7f9fc;
}

.akaio-wrapper {
  max-width: 1500px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.akaio-content {
  max-width: 850px;
  margin-bottom: 70px;
}

.akaio-content .eyebrow {
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  color: #087ee6;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 3px;
}

.akaio-content h2 {
  margin: 0 0 24px;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 44px;
  line-height: 1.15;
}

.akaio-lead {
  margin: 0 0 20px;
  color: #17202a;
  font-size: 22px;
  line-height: 1.55;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.akaio-description {
  max-width: 800px;
  margin: 0;
  color: #56616c;
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.75;
}

.akaio-button {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 32px;
  padding: 15px 24px;
  background: #071b33;
  color: #ffffff;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: 5px;
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 700;
  transition: 0.2s ease;
}

.akaio-button:hover {
  background: #087ee6;
}


/* AKAIO PROCESS */

.akaio-process {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns:
    1fr auto
    1fr auto
    1fr auto
    1fr auto
    1fr auto
    1fr;

  align-items: stretch;
  gap: 12px;
}

.akaio-step {
  min-height: 260px;
  padding: 28px 24px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #e2e8ef;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(7, 27, 51, 0.05);
}

.step-number {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
  color: #1597e5;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.akaio-step h3 {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 19px;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.akaio-step p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #5b6570;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.akaio-arrow {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: #1597e5;
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

/* ---------- CERTIFICATION ---------- */

.certification-section {
  padding: 110px 7%;
  background: #ffffff;
}

.certification-wrapper {
  max-width: 1500px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.certification-heading {
  max-width: 850px;
  margin-bottom: 60px;
}

.certification-heading .eyebrow {
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  color: #087ee6;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 3px;
}

.certification-heading h2 {
  margin: 0 0 24px;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 44px;
  line-height: 1.15;
}

.certification-lead {
  margin: 0;
  color: #56616c;
  font-size: 20px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}


/* TWO MAIN CARDS */

.certification-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr;
  gap: 30px;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.certification-card {
  padding: 42px;
  background: #f7f9fc;
  border: 1px solid #e2e8ef;
  border-radius: 12px;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(7, 27, 51, 0.05);
}

.certification-label {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-bottom: 22px;
  padding: 8px 12px;
  background: #071b33;
  color: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 4px;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 2px;
}

.certification-card h3 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 30px;
}

.certification-subtitle {
  margin: 0 0 24px;
  color: #087ee6;
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.certification-card p {
  color: #56616c;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.certification-card ul {
  margin: 28px 0 32px;
  padding-left: 20px;
}

.certification-card li {
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  color: #39434d;
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.certification-link {
  display: inline-block;
  color: #087ee6;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.certification-link:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}


/* PLUS SIGN */

.certification-plus {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: #1597e5;
  font-size: 44px;
  font-weight: 300;
}


/* BOTTOM MESSAGE */

.certification-message {
  margin-top: 60px;
  padding: 32px 40px;
  background: #071b33;
  color: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 10px;

  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 28px;

  text-align: center;
}

.certification-message div {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 7px;
}

.certification-message strong {
  color: #29a8ff;
  font-size: 18px;
}

.certification-message span {
  font-size: 15px;
}

.message-arrow {
  color: #29a8ff;
  font-size: 24px !important;
}

/* ---------- INNOVATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ---------- */

.ims-section {
  padding: 110px 7%;
  background: #071b33;
  color: #ffffff;
}

.ims-wrapper {
  max-width: 1500px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.ims-heading {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin-bottom: 65px;
}

.ims-heading .eyebrow {
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  color: #29a8ff;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 3px;
}

.ims-heading h2 {
  margin: 0 0 24px;
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: 46px;
  line-height: 1.15;
}

.ims-lead {
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 850px;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78);
  font-size: 20px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}


/* IMS CARDS */

.ims-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 24px;
}

.ims-card {
  min-height: 250px;
  padding: 32px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16);
  border-radius: 10px;
}

.ims-number {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
  color: #29a8ff;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.ims-card h3 {
  margin: 0 0 15px;
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: 22px;
}

.ims-card p {
  margin: 0;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}


/* IMS FOUNDATION */

.ims-foundation {
  margin-top: 60px;
  padding: 34px 40px;

  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 28px;

  background: #ffffff;
  color: #071b33;

  border-radius: 10px;
  text-align: center;
}

.ims-foundation div {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 7px;
}

.ims-foundation strong {
  color: #087ee6;
  font-size: 16px;
}

.ims-foundation span {
  font-size: 14px;
}

.ims-arrow {
  color: #087ee6;
  font-size: 22px !important;
}


/* IMS CTA */

.ims-cta {
  margin-top: 60px;
  padding: 48px 40px;
  text-align: center;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
}

.ims-cta h3 {
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  font-size: 30px;
  color: #ffffff;
}

.ims-cta p {
  max-width: 800px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.ims-button {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 28px;
  padding: 15px 24px;
  background: #ffffff;
  color: #071b33;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: 5px;
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.ims-button:hover {
  background: #29a8ff;
  color: #ffffff;
}

/* ---------- UNIVERSITIES ---------- */

.universities-section {
  padding-bottom: 110px;
  background: #f7f9fc;
}

.universities-wrapper {
  width: 100%;
}

.universities-heading {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin-bottom: 65px;
}

.universities-heading .eyebrow {
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  color: #087ee6;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 3px;
}

.universities-heading h2 {
  margin: 0 0 24px;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 44px;
  line-height: 1.15;
}

.universities-lead {
  margin: 0;
  color: #56616c;
  font-size: 20px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}


/* UNIVERSITY CARDS
   Same visual language as the dark-navy Offering cards */
.universities-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 28px;
}

.university-card {
  min-height: 310px;
  padding: 38px;
  background: #071b33;
  border: 1px solid #173a5c;
  border-radius: 10px;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(7, 27, 51, 0.12);
}

.university-number {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 34px;
  color: #087ee6;
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.university-card h3 {
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: 26px;
  line-height: 1.28;
}

.university-card p {
  margin: 0 0 28px;
  color: #d7e0e9;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.university-tag {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0;
  background: transparent;
  color: #087ee6;
  border-radius: 0;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.45;
}


/* UNIVERSITY FLOW */

.university-flow {
  margin-top: 60px;
  padding: 34px 40px;
  background: #071b33;
  color: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 10px;

  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 24px;

  text-align: center;
}

.university-flow div {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 7px;
}

.university-flow strong {
  color: #29a8ff;
  font-size: 16px;
}

.university-flow span {
  font-size: 14px;
}

.university-arrow {
  color: #29a8ff;
  font-size: 23px !important;
}


/* UNIVERSITY CTA */

.universities-cta {
  margin-top: 65px;
  padding: 50px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #e2e8ef;
  border-radius: 10px;
  text-align: center;
}

.universities-cta h3 {
  margin: 0 0 16px;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 30px;
}

.universities-cta p {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  color: #56616c;
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.universities-button {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 28px;
  padding: 15px 24px;
  background: #071b33;
  color: #ffffff;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: 5px;
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.universities-button:hover {
  background: #087ee6;
}

/* ---------- INSIGHTS ---------- */

.insights-section {
  padding: 110px 7%;
  background: #ffffff;
}

.insights-wrapper {
  max-width: 1500px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.insights-heading {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin-bottom: 65px;
}

.insights-heading .eyebrow {
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  color: #087ee6;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 3px;
}

.insights-heading h2 {
  margin: 0 0 24px;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 46px;
  line-height: 1.15;
}

.insights-heading p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #56616c;
  font-size: 19px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}


/* INSIGHT CARDS */

.insights-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 28px;
}

.insight-card {
  min-height: 410px;

  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;

  background: #f7f9fc;

  border: 1px solid #e2e8ef;
  border-radius: 10px;

  overflow: hidden;

  transition:
    transform 0.25s ease,
    box-shadow 0.25s ease;
}

.insight-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-6px);

  box-shadow: 0 15px 35px rgba(7, 27, 51, 0.10);
}

.insight-type {
  padding: 18px 28px;

  background: #071b33;

  color: #29a8ff;

  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 800;

  letter-spacing: 2px;
}

.insight-content {
  padding: 32px;

  flex: 1;

  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.insight-date {
  margin-bottom: 18px;

  color: #087ee6;

  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.insight-card h3 {
  margin: 0 0 18px;

  color: #071b33;

  font-size: 25px;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.insight-card p {
  margin: 0;

  color: #56616c;

  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.insight-link {
  margin-top: auto;
  padding-top: 28px;

  color: #087ee6;

  text-decoration: none;

  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.insight-link:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}


/* INSIGHTS BOTTOM */

.insights-bottom {
  margin-top: 60px;

  padding: 32px 38px;

  background: #071b33;

  border-radius: 10px;

  color: #ffffff;

  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;

  gap: 30px;
}

.insights-bottom div {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 7px;
}

.insights-bottom strong {
  color: #29a8ff;
  font-size: 18px;
}

.insights-bottom span {
  font-size: 15px;
}

.insights-button {
  display: inline-block;

  padding: 14px 22px;

  background: #ffffff;

  color: #071b33;

  text-decoration: none;

  border-radius: 5px;

  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;

  white-space: nowrap;
}

.insights-button:hover {
  background: #29a8ff;
  color: #ffffff;
}


/* ---------- CONTACT ---------- */

.contact-section {
  padding-bottom: 110px;
  background: #f4f7fa;
}

.contact-wrapper {
  width: 100%;
}

.contact-heading {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin-bottom: 65px;
}

.contact-heading .eyebrow {
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  color: #087ee6;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 3px;
}

.contact-heading h2 {
  margin: 0 0 24px;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 46px;
  line-height: 1.15;
}

.contact-heading p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #56616c;
  font-size: 19px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}


/* CONTACT GRID */

.contact-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 38% 62%;
  gap: 55px;
  align-items: start;
}


/* CONTACT INFO */

.contact-info {
  padding: 38px;
  background: #071b33;
  color: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 10px;
}

.contact-info h3 {
  margin: 0 0 30px;
  font-size: 28px;
}

.contact-topic {
  padding: 20px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
}

.contact-topic:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}

.contact-topic strong {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 7px;
  color: #29a8ff;
  font-size: 16px;
}

.contact-topic span {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.76);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}


/* CONTACT FORM */

.contact-form {
  padding: 38px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #e2e8ef;
  border-radius: 10px;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(7, 27, 51, 0.05);
}

.form-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: 20px;
}

.form-group {
  margin-bottom: 22px;
}

.form-group label {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.form-group input,
.form-group select,
.form-group textarea {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 14px 15px;
  border: 1px solid #d5dde6;
  border-radius: 5px;
  background: #ffffff;
  color: #17202a;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 15px;
}

.form-group textarea {
  resize: vertical;
}

.form-group input:focus,
.form-group select:focus,
.form-group textarea:focus {
  outline: none;
  border-color: #087ee6;
}

.contact-submit {
  padding: 15px 24px;
  background: #071b33;
  color: #ffffff;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 5px;
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 700;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.contact-submit:hover {
  background: #087ee6;
}

/* =========================================
   FOOTER
========================================= */

.site-footer {
  padding: 75px 7% 30px;

  background: #041426;

  color: #ffffff;
}


.footer-wrapper {
  max-width: 1500px;

  margin: 0 auto 55px;

  display: grid;

  grid-template-columns: 1.5fr repeat(4, 1fr);

  gap: 55px;
}


/* FOOTER BRAND */

.footer-brand h3 {
  margin: 0 0 15px;

  color: #ffffff;

  font-size: 25px;

  letter-spacing: 1px;
}


.footer-brand p {
  margin: 0 0 10px;

  color: #29a8ff;

  font-size: 18px;

  font-weight: 700;
}


.footer-brand span {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.62);

  font-size: 14px;
}


/* FOOTER COLUMNS */

.footer-column {
  display: flex;

  flex-direction: column;

  gap: 13px;
}


.footer-column h4 {
  margin: 0 0 10px;

  color: #29a8ff;

  font-size: 14px;

  letter-spacing: 1px;
}


.footer-column a {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.76);

  text-decoration: none;

  font-size: 14px;

  line-height: 1.5;

  transition: 0.2s ease;
}


.footer-column a:hover {
  color: #ffffff;

  transform: translateX(3px);
}


/* LINKEDIN DROPDOWN */

.linkedin-menu {
  margin-top: 2px;
}

.linkedin-menu summary {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.76);
  font-size: 14px;
  cursor: pointer;
  list-style: none;
}

.linkedin-menu summary::-webkit-details-marker {
  display: none;
}

.linkedin-menu summary:hover {
  color: #ffffff;
}

.linkedin-options {
  margin-top: 12px;
  padding-left: 14px;

  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 10px;

  border-left: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
}

.linkedin-options a {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.65);
  font-size: 13px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.linkedin-options a:hover {
  color: #29a8ff;
}

/* FOOTER BOTTOM */

.footer-bottom {
  max-width: 1500px;

  margin: 0 auto;

  padding-top: 25px;

  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.13);

  display: flex;

  justify-content: space-between;

  gap: 20px;

  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.48);

  font-size: 12px;
}

/* =========================================
   TABLET / MOBILE
   ========================================= */

@media (max-width: 900px) {

  /* EN / KOR — mobile */
  .header .language-switcher {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: var(--page-side-padding);
    height: var(--mobile-logo-row-height);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    margin-left: 0;
    z-index: 3100;
  }

  .header .language-switcher button {
    padding: 4px 2px;
    font-size: 12px;
  }



  .hero {
    min-height: auto;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    padding: 70px var(--page-side-padding);
  }

  .hero-content {
    max-width: 100%;
    padding-right: 0;
  }

  .hero h1 {
    font-size: 48px;
    letter-spacing: -1px;
  }

  .hero-text {
    font-size: 21px;
  }

  .description {
    font-size: 17px;
  }

  .hero-visual {
    margin-top: 45px;
    justify-content: center;
  }

  .hero-visual img {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 700px;
  }

  .section {
    padding: 80px 7%;
  }

  .section-heading h2,
  .innovation5 h2,
  .contact h2 {
    font-size: 32px;
  }

  .cards {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .process {
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .process b {
    transform: rotate(90deg);
  }

    .akaio-section {
    padding: 80px 7%;
  }

  .akaio-content h2 {
    font-size: 34px;
  }

  .akaio-lead {
    font-size: 20px;
  }

  .akaio-process {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .akaio-arrow {
    transform: rotate(90deg);
    min-height: 30px;
  }

    .certification-section {
    padding: 80px 7%;
  }

  .certification-heading h2 {
    font-size: 34px;
  }

  .certification-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .certification-plus {
    min-height: 40px;
  }

  .certification-message {
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .message-arrow {
    transform: rotate(90deg);
  }

    .about-section {
    padding: 80px 7%;
  }

  .about-heading h2 {
    font-size: 36px;
  }

  .about-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .about-pillars {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .about-message {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }

    .growth-section {
    padding: 80px 7%;
  }

  .growth-heading h2 {
    font-size: 36px;
  }

  .growth-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .growth-arrow {
    transform: rotate(90deg);
  }

  .growth-message {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 20px;
  }

  .growth-message-arrow {
    transform: rotate(90deg);
  }

    .ims-section {
    padding: 80px 7%;
  }

  .ims-heading h2 {
    font-size: 36px;
  }

  .ims-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .ims-foundation {
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .ims-arrow {
    transform: rotate(90deg);
  }

  .ims-cta {
    padding: 40px 10px;
  }

    .solutions-logic {
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .solutions-arrow {
    transform: rotate(90deg);
  }

    .contact-section {
    padding-bottom: 80px;
  }

  .contact-heading h2 {
    font-size: 36px;
  }

  .contact-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .form-row {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

/* =========================================
   SMALL MOBILE
   ========================================= */

@media (max-width: 520px) {

  .logo {
    font-size: 20px;
  }

  .hero {
    padding: 55px var(--page-side-padding);
  }

  .hero h1 {
    font-size: 40px;
  }

  .hero-text {
    font-size: 19px;
  }

  .description {
    font-size: 16px;
  }

  .hero-buttons {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }

  .button {
    width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .section {
    padding: 65px 6%;
  }

    .insights-section {
    padding: 80px 7%;
  }

  .insights-heading h2 {
    font-size: 36px;
  }

  .insights-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .insights-bottom {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }


  .footer-wrapper {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }


  .footer-brand {
    grid-column: auto;
  }
}

/* =========================================
   ARTICLE PAGE
   ========================================= */

.logo a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}


/* ARTICLE HERO */

.article-hero {
  padding: var(--article-hero-top-padding) var(--page-side-padding) var(--article-hero-bottom-padding);
  background: #071b33;
  color: #ffffff;
}

.article-container {
  max-width: 1050px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.article-back {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-bottom: 45px;

  color: #29a8ff;

  text-decoration: none;

  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.article-back:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.article-category {
  margin: 0 0 20px;

  color: #29a8ff;

  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 800;

  letter-spacing: 3px;
}

.article-hero h1 {
  max-width: 900px;

  margin: 0 0 28px;

  color: #ffffff;

  font-size: 62px;

  line-height: 1.08;

  letter-spacing: -1px;
}

.article-intro {
  max-width: 850px;

  margin: 0;

  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.83);

  font-size: 21px;

  line-height: 1.7;
}

.article-meta {
  margin-top: 35px;

  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.55);

  font-size: 14px;
}


/* ARTICLE BODY */

.article-body {
  padding: var(--article-body-top-padding) var(--page-side-padding) var(--article-body-bottom-padding);
  background: #ffffff;
}

.article-body h2 {
  margin: 65px 0 20px;

  color: #071b33;

  font-size: 34px;

  line-height: 1.25;
}

.article-body h2:first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.article-body p {
  margin: 0 0 24px;

  color: #4f5963;

  font-size: 18px;

  line-height: 1.85;
}


/* ARTICLE PROCESS */

.article-process {
  margin: 55px 0 70px;

  padding: 32px;

  display: flex;

  align-items: center;

  justify-content: center;

  gap: 18px;

  background: #f5f8fc;

  border: 1px solid #e2e8ef;

  border-radius: 10px;
}

.article-process div {
  text-align: center;
}

.article-process span {
  display: block;

  margin-bottom: 8px;

  color: #1597e5;

  font-size: 12px;

  font-weight: 800;
}

.article-process strong {
  color: #071b33;

  font-size: 14px;
}

.article-process b {
  color: #1597e5;

  font-size: 20px;
}


/* ARTICLE HIGHLIGHT */

.article-highlight {
  margin-top: 80px;

  padding: 55px;

  background: #071b33;

  color: #ffffff;

  border-radius: 12px;
}

.article-highlight > span {
  color: #29a8ff;

  font-size: 13px;

  font-weight: 800;

  letter-spacing: 3px;
}

.article-highlight h2 {
  margin: 18px 0 22px;

  color: #ffffff;

  font-size: 38px;
}

.article-highlight p {
  margin: 0;

  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82);
}


/* ARTICLE CTA */

.article-cta {
  margin-top: 80px;

  padding: 55px;

  background: #f5f8fc;

  border: 1px solid #e2e8ef;

  border-radius: 12px;

  text-align: center;
}

.article-cta h2 {
  margin: 0 0 18px;
}

.article-cta p {
  max-width: 750px;

  margin: 0 auto;
}

.article-button {
  display: inline-block;

  margin-top: 28px;

  padding: 15px 24px;

  background: #071b33;

  color: #ffffff;

  border-radius: 5px;

  text-decoration: none;

  font-size: 15px;

  font-weight: 700;
}

.article-button:hover {
  background: #087ee6;
}


/* ARTICLE MOBILE */

@media (max-width: 900px) {


  .article-hero h1 {
    font-size: 44px;
  }

  .article-intro {
    font-size: 18px;
  }


  .article-process {
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .article-process b {
    transform: rotate(90deg);
  }

  .article-highlight,
  .article-cta {
    padding: 35px 25px;
  }

  .footer-wrapper {
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;

  gap: 40px;
}


.footer-brand {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
}


.footer-bottom {
  flex-direction: column;
}
}

/* =========================================
   GLOBAL NETWORK & PARTNERSHIPS
   FINAL CLEAN VERSION
========================================= */

.partnerships {
    max-width: 1500px;
    margin: 70px auto 0;
    padding-top: 46px;
    border-top: 1px solid #dfe5eb;
}

.partnerships-heading {
    max-width: 820px;
    margin-bottom: 36px;
}

.partnerships-heading > span {
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    color: #087ee6;
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 2.2px;
}

.partnerships-heading p {
    margin: 0;
    color: #536273;
    font-size: 17px;
    line-height: 1.7;
}

.partnership-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 26px;
    align-items: stretch;
}

.partnership-card {
    min-height: 440px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #dce4eb;
    border-radius: 10px;
    text-decoration: none;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 28px rgba(7, 27, 51, 0.05);
    transition: transform 0.25s ease,
                box-shadow 0.25s ease,
                border-color 0.25s ease;
}

.partnership-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    border-color: #1597e5;
    box-shadow: 0 16px 36px rgba(7, 27, 51, 0.10);
}

.partner-logo-box {
    height: 170px;
    padding: 28px 34px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background: #f7f9fb;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e5eaf0;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.partner-logo-box img {
    display: block;
    width: auto;
    height: auto;
    object-fit: contain;
}

/* IXL Center */
.partnership-card:first-child .partner-logo-box img {
    width: 245px;
    max-width: 88%;
    max-height: 92px;
}

/* GIMI: intentionally larger so its visual weight matches IXL Center */
.gimi-card .partner-logo-box img {
    width: 315px;
    max-width: 96%;
    max-height: 112px;
}

/* AKAIO white logo on its native dark background */
.akaio-logo-box {
    background: #071d33;
    border-bottom-color: #071d33;
}

.akaio-card .partner-logo-box img {
    width: 190px;
    max-width: 74%;
    max-height: 112px;
}

.partner-body {
    flex: 1;
    padding: 30px 32px 32px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

.partner-headline {
    min-height: 58px;
    margin: 0 0 20px;
    color: #071d33;
    font-size: 19px;
    font-weight: 850;
    line-height: 1.35;
    letter-spacing: 0.15px;
}

.gimi-card .partner-headline {
    font-size: 18px;
}

.partner-definition {
    margin: 0;
    color: #5f6d7b;
    font-size: 14.5px;
    font-weight: 400;
    line-height: 1.65;
}

.gimi-card .partner-definition {
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.partner-role {
    margin-top: auto;
    padding-top: 24px;
    border-top: 1px solid #e1e7ec;
    color: #087ee6;
    font-size: 21px;
    font-weight: 800;
    line-height: 1.3;
}

@media (max-width: 1100px) {
    .partnership-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .partnership-card {
        min-height: 390px;
    }

    .partner-headline {
        min-height: auto;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .partnerships {
        margin-top: 48px;
        padding-top: 34px;
    }

    .partnerships-heading p {
        font-size: 16px;
    }

    .partner-logo-box {
        height: 150px;
    }

    .partner-body {
        padding: 26px 24px 28px;
    }

    .partner-headline,
    .gimi-card .partner-headline {
        font-size: 18px;
    }

    .partner-role {
        font-size: 19px;
    }
}

/* =========================================
   CURRENT PAGE STRUCTURE — VERIFIED 2026-08-21
   Keeps the current HTML structure aligned with the site's
   established 100%-zoom desktop scale and responsive behavior.
   ========================================= */

/* Keep the image logo inside the fixed header height. */
.logo img {
  display: block;
  width: auto;
  max-width: 285px;
  max-height: 64px;
  object-fit: contain;
}

/* ---------- HEADER DROPDOWN ---------- */
.nav-dropdown {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

.header .nav-dropdown-menu {
  position: absolute;
  top: calc(100% - 1px);
  left: 0;
  min-width: var(--about-popup-width);
  padding: var(--about-popup-shell-padding-y) 0;
  display: none;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #e2e8ef;
  border-radius: 0 0 7px 7px;
  box-shadow: 0 14px 30px rgba(7, 27, 51, 0.12);
  z-index: 1200;
}

.header .nav-dropdown-menu a {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  padding: var(--about-popup-item-padding-y) var(--about-popup-item-padding-x);
  color: #17202a;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: var(--about-popup-item-line-height);
  white-space: nowrap;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.header .nav-dropdown-menu a:hover {
  background: #f5f8fc;
  color: #087ee6;
}

/* ---------- SHARED CURRENT PAGE LAYOUT ---------- */
.page-start {
  scroll-margin-top: var(--page-anchor-offset);
}

.detail-page {
  width: 100%;
}

.page-content {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: var(--page-content-max);
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
}

.detail-page-heading,
.offerings-heading,
.offering-detail-heading,
.insights-hub-heading,
.article-detail-header {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin-bottom: 48px;
}

.detail-page-heading .eyebrow,
.offerings-heading .eyebrow,
.offering-detail-heading .eyebrow,
.offering-detail-followup-heading .eyebrow,
.insights-hub-heading .eyebrow,
.article-detail-header .eyebrow,
.company-profile-copy .eyebrow,
.university-proof .eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 13px;
  color: #087ee6;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 2.6px;
}

.detail-page-heading h2,
.offerings-heading h2,
.offering-detail-heading h2,
.offering-detail-followup-heading h2,
.insights-hub-heading h2,
.article-detail-header h2,
.company-profile-copy h2 {
  margin: 0 0 20px;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 40px;
  line-height: 1.15;
  letter-spacing: -0.7px;
}

.detail-page-lead,
.offerings-lead,
.offering-detail-lead,
.insights-hub-heading > p:last-child,
.article-detail-lead {
  max-width: 880px;
  margin: 0;
  color: #56616c;
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

/* ---------- ABOUT ---------- */
.about-ixl-section {
  background: #ffffff;
}

.about-ixl-wrapper {
  width: 100%;
}

.about-block {
  padding-bottom: 82px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #edf1f5;
  background: #ffffff;
}

.about-block:nth-of-type(even) {
  background: #f7f9fc;
}

.about-vmv-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 22px;
}

.about-vmv-grid article {
  min-height: 205px;
  padding: 28px;
  background: #071b33;
  border: 1px solid #173a5c;
  border-radius: 9px;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(7, 27, 51, 0.12);
}

.about-vmv-grid article > span,
.about-team-heading > span,
.office-card > div > span {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  color: #087ee6;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 1.8px;
}

.about-vmv-grid h3 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: 21px;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.about-vmv-grid p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.about-team-subsection + .about-team-subsection {
  margin-top: 52px;
  padding-top: 42px;
  border-top: 1px solid #e1e7ed;
}

.korea-lead-card {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 190px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 34px;
  align-items: center;
  max-width: 820px;
}

.korea-photo-wrap {
  width: 190px;
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 5;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #eef2f6;
  border-radius: 8px;
}

.korea-profile-photo,
.global-leadership-photo,
.country-directors-photo,
.advisor-photo {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

.korea-profile-photo,
.advisor-photo {
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.korea-profile-copy h3 {
  margin: 0 0 7px;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 30px;
}

.korea-role,
.advisor-role {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  color: #087ee6;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.korea-bio,
.advisor-bio {
  margin: 0;
  color: #56616c;
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.korea-linkedin {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 16px;
  color: #087ee6;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.global-leadership-photo-wrap,
.country-directors-photo-wrap {
  max-width: 1180px;
  margin-top: 18px;
}

.global-leadership-photo,
.country-directors-photo {
  border-radius: 8px;
}

.country-directors-photo-stack {
  display: grid;
  gap: 18px;
}

.korea-advisory-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 24px;
}

.korea-advisor-card {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 118px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 22px;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 24px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #dfe6ee;
  border-radius: 9px;
}

.advisor-photo-wrap {
  width: 118px;
  height: 145px;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #eef2f6;
  border-radius: 7px;
}

.advisor-copy h3 {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 20px;
}

.about-partner-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 24px;
}

.about-partner-card {
  min-height: 260px;
  padding: 30px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #dfe6ee;
  border-radius: 9px;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(7, 27, 51, 0.04);
  transition: transform .2s ease, box-shadow .2s ease, border-color .2s ease;
}

.about-partner-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  border-color: #1597e5;
  box-shadow: 0 14px 30px rgba(7, 27, 51, 0.20);
}

.about-partner-card h3 {
  margin: 0 0 16px;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 26px;
}

.about-partner-card p {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  color: #56616c;
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.about-partner-card > span {
  margin-top: auto;
  padding-top: 18px;
  color: #087ee6;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.office-card {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 46px;
  max-width: 920px;
  padding: 34px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #dfe6ee;
  border-radius: 9px;
}

.office-card h3 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 25px;
}

.office-card p,
.office-contact-details {
  margin: 0;
  color: #56616c;
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.office-contact {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 7px;
}

.office-contact > strong {
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.office-contact-details {
  margin-top: 12px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 5px;
}

.office-contact-details a {
  color: #087ee6;
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* ---------- COMPANY PROFILE ---------- */
.company-profile-section {
  padding-bottom: 68px;
  background: #071b33;
  color: #ffffff;
}

.company-profile-wrapper {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 48px;
}

.company-profile-copy {
  max-width: 820px;
}

.company-profile-copy .eyebrow {
  color: #29a8ff;
}

.company-profile-copy h2 {
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: 32px;
}

.company-profile-copy > p:last-child {
  margin: 0;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.76);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.company-profile-actions,
.assessment-profile-actions,
.university-actions-independent {
  display: flex;
  gap: 12px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.company-profile-actions {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
}

.company-profile-button,
.assessment-profile-btn,
.university-action-independent {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 13px 18px;
  border-radius: 5px;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.company-profile-button.primary,
.assessment-profile-btn.download,
.university-action-independent.download {
  background: #ffffff;
  color: #071b33;
  border: 1px solid #ffffff;
}

.company-profile-button.secondary,
.assessment-profile-btn.view,
.university-action-independent.view {
  background: transparent;
  color: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.65);
}

/* Assessment and university buttons on light backgrounds */
.offering-detail-card .assessment-profile-btn.view,
.iso-certification-intro-row .assessment-profile-btn.view,
.university-actions-independent .university-action-independent.view {
  color: #071b33;
  border-color: #9aa8b6;
}

.offering-detail-card .assessment-profile-btn.download,
.iso-certification-intro-row .assessment-profile-btn.download,
.university-actions-independent .university-action-independent.download {
  background: #071b33;
  color: #ffffff;
  border-color: #071b33;
}

/* ---------- OFFERINGS OVERVIEW ---------- */
.offerings-section {
  position: relative;
  padding-bottom: 82px;
  background: #f6f8fb;
}

.offerings-head-anchor {
  position: absolute;
  top: -80px;
}

.offerings-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 18px;
}

.offering-card {
  min-height: 315px;
  padding: 24px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
  background: #071b33;
  border: 1px solid #173a5c;
  border-radius: 9px;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(7, 27, 51, 0.12);
  transition: transform .2s ease, border-color .2s ease, box-shadow .2s ease;
}

.offering-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  border-color: #1597e5;
  box-shadow: 0 14px 30px rgba(7, 27, 51, 0.20);
}

.offering-topline {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
}

.offering-number {
  color: #087ee6;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.offering-category {
  color: #a9b8c8;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
  text-align: right;
}

.offering-card h3 {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: 22px;
  line-height: 1.28;
}

.offering-subtitle {
  margin: 0 0 15px !important;
  color: #087ee6 !important;
  font-size: 14px !important;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.offering-card > p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #d7e0e9;
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.offering-mini {
  margin-top: 13px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 5px;
  color: #d7e0e9;
  font-size: 12px;
}

.offering-more {
  margin-top: auto;
  padding-top: 22px;
  color: #087ee6;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

/* ---------- OFFERING DETAILS ---------- */
.offering-detail-section {
  padding-bottom: 82px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border-top: 1px solid #edf1f5;
}

.offering-detail-section:nth-of-type(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}

.offering-detail-grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: 20px;
}

.offering-detail-grid.two-column {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.offering-detail-grid.three-column {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.offering-detail-grid.five-column {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(5, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.offering-detail-card {
  min-height: 220px;
  padding: 28px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #dfe6ee;
  border-radius: 9px;
}

.offering-detail-label {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  color: #087ee6;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 1.2px;
}

.offering-detail-label.dark-label {
  padding: 6px 9px;
  background: #071b33;
  color: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 4px;
}

.offering-detail-card h3 {
  margin: 0 0 13px;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 21px;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.offering-detail-card p,
.offering-detail-card li {
  color: #56616c;
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.offering-detail-card p {
  margin: 0 0 15px;
}

.offering-detail-card ul {
  margin: 16px 0 0;
  padding-left: 19px;
}

.offering-detail-card strong {
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.assessment-profile-actions {
  margin-top: 20px;
}

.offering-detail-link,
.offering-detail-action a {
  color: #087ee6;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.offering-detail-link {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 18px;
}

.offering-detail-action {
  margin-top: 28px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.offering-detail-action a {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 13px 18px;
  border-radius: 5px;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

/* First button — View / Explore */
.offering-detail-action a:first-child {
  background: transparent;
  color: #071b33;
  border: 1px solid #9aa8b6;
}

/* Second button — Download */
.offering-detail-action a:nth-child(2) {
  background: #071b33;
  color: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #071b33;
}

.offering-detail-followup {
  margin-top: 52px;
  padding-top: 44px;
  border-top: 1px solid #dfe6ee;
}

.offering-detail-followup-heading {
  max-width: 850px;
  margin-bottom: 32px;
}

.offering-detail-followup-heading > p:last-child {
  margin: 0;
  color: #56616c;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

/* ---------- ISO 56001 INTRO ---------- */
.iso-certification-intro-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  gap: 30px;
  align-items: end;
}

.iso-certification-intro-row .offering-detail-lead {
  min-width: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* ---------- UNIVERSITY ADDITIONS ---------- */
.university-intro-independent {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  gap: 30px;
  align-items: end;
}

.university-intro-copy-independent {
  min-width: 0;
}

.university-proof {
  margin-top: 60px;
  padding: 38px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #dfe6ee;
  border-radius: 10px;
}

.university-proof h3 {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 28px;
}

.university-proof-subtitle {
  margin: 0 0 18px !important;
  color: #087ee6 !important;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.university-proof > p:last-of-type {
  max-width: 900px;
  color: #56616c;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.university-proof-metrics {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 14px;
  margin-top: 26px;
}

.university-proof-metrics > span {
  padding: 18px;
  background: #f7f9fc;
  border-radius: 7px;
}

.university-proof-metrics strong,
.university-proof-metrics small {
  display: block;
}

.university-proof-metrics strong {
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.university-proof-metrics small {
  margin-top: 6px;
  color: #6a7682;
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

/* ---------- CASES ---------- */
.cases-section {
  padding-bottom: 82px;
  background: #ffffff;
}

.cases-experience-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 22px;
}

.case-experience-card {
  min-height: 390px;
  padding: 30px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  background: #f8fafc;
  border: 1px solid #dfe6ee;
  border-radius: 9px;
}

.case-experience-top {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 18px;
  align-items: center;
  margin-bottom: 23px;
}

.case-type {
  color: #687684;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
  text-align: right;
}

.case-experience-card h3 {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 24px;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.case-experience-card > p {
  margin: 0 0 24px;
  color: #56616c;
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.case-clients-label {
  margin-top: auto;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  color: #087ee6;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 1.2px;
}

.case-clients {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 7px;
}

.case-clients span {
  padding: 6px 9px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #dfe6ee;
  border-radius: 4px;
  color: #344252;
  font-size: 12px;
}

.case-clients .case-more {
  border-color: transparent;
  background: transparent;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.case-focus,
.case-path {
  margin-top: 20px;
  padding-top: 18px;
  border-top: 1px solid #dfe6ee;
  color: #687684;
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.case-path {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
}

.case-path b {
  color: #087ee6;
}

.cases-message {
  margin-top: 48px;
  padding: 28px 34px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 24px;
  background: #071b33;
  color: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 9px;
  text-align: center;
}

.cases-message div {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 5px;
}

.cases-message strong {
  color: #29a8ff;
  font-size: 13px;
}

.cases-message span {
  font-size: 13px;
}

.cases-message-arrow,
.cases-message-plus {
  color: #29a8ff;
  font-size: 20px;
}

/* ---------- INSIGHTS HUB ---------- */
.insights-hub-section {
  padding-bottom: 82px;
  background: #f7f9fc;
}

/* Insights sub-navigation — same horizontal behavior as the main navigation. */
.insights-menu {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  gap: 28px;
  width: 100%;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
  padding: 0;
  overflow-x: auto;
  overflow-y: hidden;
  white-space: nowrap;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  scrollbar-width: none;
}

.insights-menu::-webkit-scrollbar {
  display: none;
}

.insights-tab {
  position: relative;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  padding: 10px 0 12px;
  background: transparent;
  color: #4e5c6b;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 0;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .8px;
  line-height: 1.2;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.insights-tab::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 5px;
  left: 0;
  height: 2px;
  background: #087ee6;
  transform: scaleX(0);
  transform-origin: left center;
  transition: transform .18s ease;
}

.insights-tab.active,
.insights-tab:hover {
  background: transparent;
  color: #071b33;
}

.insights-tab.active::after,
.insights-tab:hover::after {
  transform: scaleX(1);
}

.insights-panel {
  display: none;
}

.insights-panel.active {
  display: block;
}

.insights-featured,
.books-page,
.article-point {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #dfe6ee;
  border-radius: 9px;
}

.insights-featured {
  padding: 32px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 170px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 32px;
  align-items: start;
}

.featured-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 8px;
  color: #687684;
  font-size: 12px;
}

.featured-meta > span {
  color: #087ee6;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.featured-content h3 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 27px;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.featured-content p {
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  color: #56616c;
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

/* Insights summary — compact by default, expandable when needed. */
.insights-summary-wrap {
  margin: 0 0 18px;
}

.featured-content .insights-summary {
  margin: 0;
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
  overflow: hidden;
  white-space: pre-line;
}

.featured-content .insights-summary.expanded {
  display: block;
  overflow: visible;
  -webkit-line-clamp: unset;
}

.insights-summary-toggle {
  margin: 7px 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
  color: #087ee6;
  font: inherit;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.4;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.insights-summary-toggle:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.insights-summary-toggle[hidden] {
  display: none;
}

.featured-content a {
  color: #087ee6;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.insights-archive {
  margin-top: 24px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #dfe6ee;
  border-radius: 9px;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.archive-heading {
  padding: 20px 24px;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 20px;
  align-items: center;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e7ecf1;
}

.archive-heading h3 {
  margin: 0;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 17px;
}

.archive-heading span {
  color: #7a8794;
  font-size: 12px;
}

.archive-row {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 15px 24px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 130px minmax(0, 1fr) 24px;
  gap: 18px;
  align-items: center;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #edf1f5;
  color: #344252;
  text-align: left;
  font-family: inherit;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.archive-row:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.archive-row:hover,
.archive-row.active {
  background: #f7f9fc;
}

.archive-row time {
  color: #7a8794;
  font-size: 12px;
}

.archive-row span {
  font-size: 14px;
}

.archive-row b {
  color: #087ee6;
  text-align: right;
}

.books-page {
  padding: 34px;
}

.books-section-title {
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  display: flex;
  gap: 18px;
  align-items: center;
}

.books-section-title.second {
  margin-top: 48px;
}

.books-section-title h2 {
  margin: 0;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 23px;
}

.books-section-title > span {
  height: 1px;
  flex: 1;
  background: #dfe6ee;
}

.book-card,
.product-feature {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 150px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 28px;
  padding: 24px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid #edf1f5;
}

.book-card:first-of-type {
  border-top: 0;
}

.book-cover-image-wrap,
.product-visual {
  width: 150px;
  min-height: 190px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: center;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #f1f4f7;
  border-radius: 6px;
}

.book-cover-image,
.product-original-image {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  object-fit: contain;
}

.book-copy h3,
.product-copy h3 {
  margin: 0 0 9px;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 19px;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.book-authors {
  margin: 0 0 12px !important;
  color: #087ee6 !important;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.book-copy p,
.product-copy p {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: #56616c;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.68;
}

/* ---------- ARTICLE DETAIL ---------- */
.article-detail-section {
  padding-bottom: 82px;
  background: #ffffff;
}

.article-detail-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 20px;
}

.article-point {
  padding: 27px;
}

.article-point > span {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  color: #087ee6;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.article-point h3 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: #071b33;
  font-size: 20px;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.article-point p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #56616c;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.article-detail-cta {
  margin-top: 34px;
  padding: 24px 28px;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 24px;
  background: #071b33;
  color: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 8px;
}

.article-detail-cta div {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 5px;
}

.article-detail-cta strong {
  color: #29a8ff;
  font-size: 13px;
}

.article-detail-cta span {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.75);
  font-size: 13px;
}

.article-detail-cta a {
  color: #ffffff;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

/* ---------- RESPONSIVE CURRENT STRUCTURE ---------- */
@media (max-width: 1100px) {
  .about-vmv-grid,
  .korea-advisory-grid,
  .offerings-grid,
  .offering-detail-grid.three-column,
  .article-detail-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .offering-detail-grid.five-column {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .university-proof-metrics {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .about-block,
  .company-profile-section,
  .offerings-section,
  .offering-detail-section,
  .cases-section,
  .insights-hub-section,
  .article-detail-section {
    padding-bottom: 64px;
  }

  .detail-page-heading h2,
  .offerings-heading h2,
  .offering-detail-heading h2,
  .offering-detail-followup-heading h2,
  .insights-hub-heading h2,
  .article-detail-header h2 {
    font-size: 34px;
  }

  .company-profile-wrapper,
  .university-intro-independent,
  .iso-certification-intro-row {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }

  .korea-advisory-grid,
  .about-partner-grid,
  .offering-detail-grid.two-column,
  .cases-experience-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .offering-detail-grid.five-column {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }
}

@media (max-width: 700px) {
  .about-vmv-grid,
  .offerings-grid,
  .offering-detail-grid.three-column,
  .offering-detail-grid.five-column,
  .article-detail-grid,
  .university-proof-metrics {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .korea-lead-card,
  .office-card,
  .insights-featured,
  .book-card,
  .product-feature {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .korea-photo-wrap {
    width: 160px;
  }

  .office-card {
    gap: 28px;
  }

  .archive-row {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 24px;
  }

  .archive-row time {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
  }

  .book-cover-image-wrap,
  .product-visual {
    width: 135px;
    min-height: 170px;
  }

  .article-detail-cta,
  .cases-message {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    text-align: left;
  }
}

/* ---------- SMALL COMPLETENESS RULES ---------- */
.nav-dropdown-trigger { cursor: pointer; }
.about-intro,
.about-section-lead { max-width: 880px; }
.insights-panels { width: 100%; }
.insights-empty {
  padding: 30px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #dfe6ee;
  border-radius: 9px;
  color: #687684;
  font-size: 14px;
}
.original-product-visual { align-self: start; }

/* ---------- DESKTOP ABOUT POPUP STATE ---------- */
/* PC: About submenu is hover-only. No click/focus state can keep it open. */
@media (min-width: 901px) {
  .nav-dropdown:focus-within .nav-dropdown-menu,
  .nav-dropdown.desktop-about-open .nav-dropdown-menu {
    display: none;
  }

  .nav-dropdown:hover .nav-dropdown-menu {
    display: flex;
  }
}

/* =========================================
   COMMON PAGE FRAME
   Geometry values come only from the A/S control panel at the top.
   ========================================= */
.page-section {
  width: 100%;
  padding-top: var(--page-top-padding);
  padding-right: var(--page-side-padding);
  padding-left: var(--page-side-padding);
  scroll-margin-top: var(--page-anchor-offset);
}

.page-section > .page-content {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: var(--page-content-max);
  margin-right: auto;
  margin-left: auto;
}

.page-section .page-heading > .eyebrow:first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.page-anchor {
  position: absolute;
  width: 0;
  height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}

/* =========================================
   MOBILE HEADER / NAV
   Mobile tuning values are declared once in the A/S control panel.
   ========================================= */
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  :root {
    --page-top-padding: var(--mobile-page-top-padding);
    --page-anchor-offset: var(--mobile-header-height);
    --innovation5-section-padding-y: var(--mobile-innovation5-section-padding-y);
    --article-hero-top-padding: var(--mobile-article-hero-top-padding);
    --article-hero-bottom-padding: var(--mobile-article-hero-bottom-padding);
    --article-body-top-padding: var(--mobile-article-body-top-padding);
    --article-body-bottom-padding: var(--mobile-article-body-bottom-padding);
  }

  .header {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: var(--mobile-header-height);
    min-height: var(--mobile-header-height);
    display: block;
    padding: 0;
    overflow: visible;
    background: #ffffff;
    z-index: 3000;
  }

  main {
    padding-top: var(--mobile-header-height);
  }

  .header .logo {
    height: var(--mobile-logo-row-height);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 0;
    min-width: 0;
  }

  .header .logo img {
    margin-left: 0;
    width: var(--mobile-logo-width);
    max-width: 100%;
    max-height: 44px;
    height: auto;
  }

  .header nav {
    display: flex;
    visibility: visible;
    opacity: 1;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: none;
    height: var(--mobile-nav-row-height);
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--mobile-nav-gap);
    padding: 0 var(--page-side-padding);
    overflow-x: auto;
    overflow-y: hidden;
    white-space: nowrap;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
    scrollbar-width: none;
  }

  .header nav::-webkit-scrollbar {
    display: none;
  }

  .header nav > a,
  .header .nav-dropdown,
  .header .nav-dropdown > .nav-dropdown-trigger {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
  }

  .header nav > a,
  .header .nav-dropdown > .nav-dropdown-trigger {
    display: block;
    width: auto;
    padding: 11px 0 13px;
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.2;
  }

  .header .nav-dropdown {
    position: static;
    display: block;
    width: auto;
  }

  .header .nav-dropdown-menu {
    position: fixed;
    top: var(--mobile-about-top, 100px);
    left: var(--mobile-about-left, var(--page-side-padding));
    z-index: 2000;
    width: max-content;
    min-width: var(--mobile-about-popup-width);
    max-width: calc(100vw - 28px);
    padding: var(--mobile-about-popup-shell-padding-y) 0;
    border-radius: 6px;
    box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(7, 27, 51, 0.18);
  }

  .header .nav-dropdown.mobile-about-open .nav-dropdown-menu {
    display: flex;
  }

  .header .nav-dropdown-menu a {
    padding: var(--mobile-about-popup-item-padding-y) var(--mobile-about-popup-item-padding-x);
  }

  #home {
    scroll-margin-top: var(--page-anchor-offset);
  }

  /* Insights uses the same one-line horizontal-scroll pattern on mobile. */
  .insights-menu {
    gap: 22px;
  }

  .insights-tab {
    font-size: 12px;
  }

  /* Prevent Universities content from widening the mobile viewport. */
  .universities-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .university-flow {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
  }

  .university-flow > div {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .university-arrow {
    transform: rotate(90deg);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 520px) {
  .header .logo img {
    width: var(--small-mobile-logo-width);
    max-height: 42px;
  }

  .header nav {
    gap: var(--small-mobile-nav-gap);
  }
}


/* ---------- OFFERINGS OVERVIEW PDF ---------- */
.offerings-intro-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 28px;
}

.offerings-intro-row .offerings-lead {
  flex: 1 1 auto;
}

.offerings-overview-btn {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 44px;
  padding: 11px 18px;
  border: 1px solid #087ee6;
  border-radius: 6px;
  color: #087ee6;
  background: #ffffff;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.2;
  text-decoration: none;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.offerings-overview-btn:hover {
  color: #ffffff;
  background: #087ee6;
}

@media (max-width: 700px) {
  .offerings-intro-row {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 18px;
  }
}


/* Keep short semantic phrases together on narrow screens */
.no-break {
  white-space: nowrap;
}


/* GIMI CIP service-card title
   Accreditation intentionally sits on the next line. */
.cip-card-title {
  display: block;
  white-space: normal;
}

.cip-card-title > span,
.cip-card-title > small {
  display: block;
}

.cip-card-title > small {
  margin-top: 5px;
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.25;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  color: #ffffff;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .cip-card-title > small {
    font-size: 14px;
  }
}


/* ---------- CASES — APPROVED UNIFIED LAYOUT ---------- */

/* Upper IXL Center reference area */
.cases-center-overview {
  margin: 0 0 28px;
}

.cases-center-overview-top {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.05fr) minmax(360px, .95fr);
  gap: 44px;
  align-items: center;
}

.cases-center-overview-visual {
  min-height: 300px;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #071b33;
  border-radius: 9px;
}

.cases-center-overview-visual img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  min-height: 300px;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.cases-center-overview-highlight {
  padding-right: 24px;
}

.cases-center-overview-highlight p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #0b665e;
  font-size: 22px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.cases-center-overview-body {
  margin: 30px 0 0;
  color: #56616c;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.8;
}

/* 01 and 02 full-width cards */
.cases-experience-grid .case-summary-card {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  min-height: 0;
  padding: 28px 34px;
  background: #071b33;
  border-color: #173a5c;
  color: #ffffff;
}

.cases-experience-grid .ixl-korea-summary {
  background: #071b33;
  border-color: #173a5c;
}

.case-summary-top {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 18px;
  align-items: center;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.case-summary-card .number,
.case-navy-card .number {
  color: #1597e5;
}

.case-summary-card .case-type,
.case-navy-card .case-type {
  color: #d7e0e9;
}

.case-summary-card h3,
.case-navy-card h3 {
  color: #ffffff;
}

.case-summary-card > p,
.case-navy-card > p {
  color: #d7e0e9;
}

/* 03 and 04 now use the same navy visual language */
.case-navy-card {
  background: #071b33;
  border-color: #173a5c;
  color: #ffffff;
}

.case-navy-card .case-clients-label {
  color: #1597e5;
}

.case-navy-card .case-clients span {
  background: transparent;
  border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.34);
  color: #ffffff;
}

.case-navy-card .case-path,
.case-navy-card .case-focus {
  border-top-color: rgba(255,255,255,.18);
  color: #d7e0e9;
}

.case-navy-card .case-path b {
  color: #1597e5;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .cases-center-overview-top {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 24px;
  }

  .cases-center-overview-highlight {
    padding-right: 0;
  }

  .cases-center-overview-highlight p {
    font-size: 19px;
  }

  .cases-center-overview-visual,
  .cases-center-overview-visual img {
    min-height: 220px;
  }

  .cases-experience-grid .case-summary-card {
    padding: 26px 24px;
  }
}


/* ---------- CASES v7 — IXL CENTER OVERVIEW REFINEMENT ---------- */
.cases-center-overview {
  margin-bottom: 34px;
}

.cases-center-overview-top {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.08fr) minmax(420px, .92fr);
  gap: 52px;
}

.cases-center-overview-visual {
  min-height: 330px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 0;
}

.cases-center-overview-visual img {
  min-height: 330px;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.cases-center-overview-highlight p {
  color: #0b665e;
  font-size: 22px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.52;
}

.cases-center-overview-body {
  max-width: none;
  margin-top: 34px;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.85;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .cases-center-overview-top {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 24px;
  }

  .cases-center-overview-visual,
  .cases-center-overview-visual img {
    min-height: 220px;
  }

  .cases-center-overview-highlight p {
    font-size: 18px;
  }

  .cases-center-overview-body {
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.75;
  }
}


/* ---------- CASES v8 — THREE CASE CARDS / LIGHT THEME ---------- */

/* Remaining 01 / 02 / 03 cards use one consistent light theme */
.cases-experience-grid .ixl-korea-summary,
.cases-experience-grid .case-navy-card {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #dfe6ee;
  color: #071b33;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(7, 27, 51, 0.04);
}

.cases-experience-grid .ixl-korea-summary .number,
.cases-experience-grid .case-navy-card .number {
  color: #1597e5;
}

.cases-experience-grid .ixl-korea-summary .case-type,
.cases-experience-grid .case-navy-card .case-type {
  color: #687684;
}

.cases-experience-grid .ixl-korea-summary h3,
.cases-experience-grid .case-navy-card h3 {
  color: #071b33;
}

.cases-experience-grid .ixl-korea-summary > p,
.cases-experience-grid .case-navy-card > p {
  color: #56616c;
}

.cases-experience-grid .case-navy-card .case-clients-label {
  color: #087ee6;
}

.cases-experience-grid .case-navy-card .case-clients span {
  background: #ffffff;
  border-color: #dfe6ee;
  color: #344252;
}

.cases-experience-grid .case-navy-card .case-path,
.cases-experience-grid .case-navy-card .case-focus {
  border-top-color: #dfe6ee;
  color: #687684;
}

.cases-experience-grid .case-navy-card .case-path b {
  color: #087ee6;
}


/* =========================================================
   CASES v9 — FINAL APPROVED VISUAL
   01 / 02 / 03 = navy cards with white text
   Bottom company + university -> impact bar = white / dark text
   ========================================================= */

/* 01 IXL Korea + 02 MBA Innovation Olympics + 03 University-wide CIP */
.cases-experience-grid .ixl-korea-summary,
.cases-experience-grid .case-navy-card {
  background: #071b33;
  border: 1px solid #173a5c;
  color: #ffffff;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(7, 27, 51, 0.12);
}

.cases-experience-grid .ixl-korea-summary .number,
.cases-experience-grid .case-navy-card .number {
  color: #1597e5;
}

.cases-experience-grid .ixl-korea-summary .case-type,
.cases-experience-grid .case-navy-card .case-type {
  color: #d7e0e9;
}

.cases-experience-grid .ixl-korea-summary h3,
.cases-experience-grid .case-navy-card h3 {
  color: #ffffff;
}

.cases-experience-grid .ixl-korea-summary > p,
.cases-experience-grid .case-navy-card > p {
  color: #d7e0e9;
}

.cases-experience-grid .case-navy-card .case-clients-label {
  color: #1597e5;
}

.cases-experience-grid .case-navy-card .case-clients span {
  background: transparent;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.35);
  color: #ffffff;
}

.cases-experience-grid .case-navy-card .case-path,
.cases-experience-grid .case-navy-card .case-focus {
  border-top-color: rgba(255,255,255,.18);
  color: #d7e0e9;
}

.cases-experience-grid .case-navy-card .case-path b {
  color: #1597e5;
}

/* Bottom logic bar — white background / dark text */
.cases-message {
  background: #ffffff;
  color: #071b33;
  border: 1px solid #dfe6ee;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(7, 27, 51, 0.04);
}

.cases-message strong {
  color: #071b33;
}

.cases-message span {
  color: #344252;
}

.cases-message-arrow,
.cases-message-plus {
  color: #687684 !important;
}


/* =========================================
   INSIGHTS SUMMARY — MOBILE
   ========================================= */
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .featured-content .insights-summary:not(.expanded) {
    -webkit-line-clamp: 4;
  }
}